{"id":51,"date":"2015-05-11T18:55:31","date_gmt":"2015-05-11T18:55:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/192.168.1.104\/enfold-blog\/?p=51"},"modified":"2025-08-09T20:40:26","modified_gmt":"2025-08-09T20:40:26","slug":"dininikah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muhammedkeser.av.tr\/?p=51","title":{"rendered":"Dini Nik\u00e2hl\u0131 E\u015fin T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu’na G\u00f6re Durumu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dini nikah, halk aras\u0131nda \u201cimam nikah\u0131\u201d olarak bilinir ve dini kurallara g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan evlilik t\u00f6renidir. T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019na g\u00f6re hukuki ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi yoktur<\/strong>; yani tek ba\u015f\u0131na evlilik olu\u015fturmaz. TMK madde 143\u2019e g\u00f6re: \u201cEvlenmenin ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 dini t\u00f6renin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir.\u201d Ayn\u0131 maddede, resmi nikah yap\u0131lmadan dini t\u00f6ren yap\u0131lamaz<\/strong> h\u00fckm\u00fc yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hukuki Sonu\u00e7lar<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

Sadece dini nikahla evlenen \u00e7iftler, e\u015f stat\u00fcs\u00fc kazanmaz<\/strong>. Bu nedenle miras, nafaka, velayet gibi haklardan yararlanamazlar<\/strong>. Resmi nikah yap\u0131lmadan dini nikah k\u0131ymak, art\u0131k cezai yapt\u0131r\u0131ma tabi de\u011fildir; ancak hukuki koruma sa\u011flamaz. Dini nikah, bireylerin inan\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re anlam ta\u015f\u0131yan bir t\u00f6ren olsa da, hukuken ge\u00e7erli bir evlilik i\u00e7in resmi nikah \u015fartt\u0131r<\/strong>. Dini t\u00f6ren, ancak resmi nikah sonras\u0131 yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    \n
  • Miras payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda sa\u011f kalan e\u015f dini nikahl\u0131 ise mirastan yararlanma durumu hakk\u0131nda.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de miras hukuku, resmi nikah\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re sa\u011f kalan e\u015fin miras pay\u0131n\u0131 belirler.\u00a0Resmi nikah\u0131 olmayan dini nikahl\u0131 e\u015fler, yasal miras\u00e7\u0131 olarak kabul edilmezler ve mirastan pay alamazlar. Bu durum, 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 499. maddesi ile d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.\u00a0E\u011fer miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n altsoyu varsa (\u00e7ocuklar\u0131, torunlar\u0131 vb.), sa\u011f kalan e\u015f miras\u0131n d\u00f6rtte birine; miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n ana ve babas\u0131 ile birlikte miras\u00e7\u0131 olursa miras\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131na; b\u00fcy\u00fckanne, b\u00fcy\u00fckbaba ve onlar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ile birlikte miras\u00e7\u0131 olursa miras\u0131n d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcne; e\u011fer bu akrabalar yoksa miras\u0131n tamam\u0131na hak kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u00d6zetle, dini nikahl\u0131 e\u015fin miras hukukundaki konumu, resmi nikahl\u0131 e\u015flere g\u00f6re olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131d\u0131r ve miras pay\u0131 alma hakk\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu hem miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n hem de sa\u011f kalan e\u015fin haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir ayr\u0131md\u0131r ve miras planlamas\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken bir husustur.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Peki dini nikahl\u0131 e\u015fin miras hakk\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan herhangi bir d\u00fczenleme yok mu?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, resmi nikah olmadan yaln\u0131zca dini nikahla birliktelik ya\u015fayan e\u015fler, yasal miras\u00e7\u0131 olarak kabul edilmezler.\u00a0Ancak, miras b\u0131rakan ki\u015fi vasiyetname d\u00fczenleyerek dini nikahl\u0131 e\u015fini mirastan yararland\u0131rabilir.\u00a0Vasiyetname, ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kendi iste\u011fine g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlemesine olanak tan\u0131r ve bu sayede dini nikahl\u0131 e\u015f de miras pay\u0131 alabilir.\u00a0Vasiyetname, yaz\u0131l\u0131 veya resmi \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenebilir ve kanunda belirtilen \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda s\u00f6zl\u00fc olarak da yap\u0131labilir. \u00d6zetle, dini nikahl\u0131 e\u015fin mirastan yararlanmas\u0131, miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n vasiyetnamesi ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Dini nikahl\u0131 e\u015fe vasiyetname ile miras b\u0131rak\u0131lmak istenirse bu durumda sakl\u0131 payl\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n durumu ne olur?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Vasiyetname ile miras b\u0131rakmak<\/strong> \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, sakl\u0131 payl\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131lar<\/strong> bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izer. \u00d6zetle:<\/p>\n

        Dini nikahl\u0131 e\u015f, yasal miras\u00e7\u0131 de\u011fildir<\/strong>; bu nedenle ancak vasiyetnameyle atanm\u0131\u015f miras\u00e7\u0131<\/strong> olabilir. Miras b\u0131rakan, malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 dini nikahl\u0131 e\u015fe vasiyet edebilir.<\/p>\n

        Sakl\u0131 Payl\u0131 Miras\u00e7\u0131lar Kimlerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        • Altsoy<\/strong> (\u00e7ocuklar, torunlar)<\/li>\n
        • Anne ve baba<\/strong><\/li>\n
        • Resmi nikahl\u0131 sa\u011f kalan e\u015f<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Sakl\u0131 payl\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131lar, kendilerine tan\u0131nan asgari miras oran\u0131<\/strong> \u00fczerinde vasiyetnameyle tasarruf yap\u0131lamaz. Miras b\u0131rakan, sakl\u0131 paylar\u0131 ihlal ederse, sakl\u0131 payl\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131lar tenkis davas\u0131<\/strong> a\u00e7arak bu tasarrufu azaltabilir. \u00d6rnek Durum<\/strong> Diyelim ki bir ki\u015fi, sadece dini nikahl\u0131 bir e\u015fle ya\u015f\u0131yor ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 var. Bu ki\u015fi, t\u00fcm malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dini nikahl\u0131 e\u015fe b\u0131rakmak isterse:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u00c7ocuklar sakl\u0131 payl\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, vasiyetnameyle t\u00fcm miras dini nikahl\u0131 e\u015fe b\u0131rak\u0131lamaz<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
          • Ancak sakl\u0131 pay d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki k\u0131s\u0131m dini nikahl\u0131 e\u015fe b\u0131rak\u0131labilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Sonu\u00e7<\/strong> Dini nikahl\u0131 e\u015fe miras b\u0131rakmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr ama sakl\u0131 payl\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n haklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r koyar<\/strong>. Bu nedenle vasiyetname d\u00fczenlerken hem \u015fekil \u015fartlar\u0131na hem de sakl\u0131 paylara dikkat etmek gerekir.<\/p>\n

            \u00d6rnek 1: Miras B\u0131rakan\u0131n 2 \u00c7ocu\u011fu Var<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            • Malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131: 600.000 TL<\/li>\n
            • Sakl\u0131 pay oran\u0131: Altsoy i\u00e7in \u00bd<\/strong><\/li>\n
            • Her \u00e7ocu\u011fun sakl\u0131 pay\u0131: 150.000 TL (toplam 300.000 TL)<\/li>\n
            • Geriye kalan 300.000 TL \u00fczerinde miras b\u0131rakan tasarruf edebilir<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
            • Dini nikahl\u0131 e\u015fe vasiyetnameyle en fazla 300.000 TL b\u0131rak\u0131labilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u00d6rnek 2: Miras B\u0131rakan\u0131n Anne-Babas\u0131 Hayatta<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \n
              • Malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131: 400.000 TL<\/li>\n
              • Sakl\u0131 pay oran\u0131: Anne ve baba i\u00e7in \u00bc<\/strong><\/li>\n
              • Her biri i\u00e7in sakl\u0131 pay: 50.000 TL (toplam 100.000 TL)<\/li>\n
              • Geriye kalan 300.000 TL dini nikahl\u0131 e\u015fe vasiyet edilebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u00d6rnek 3: Hi\u00e7bir Sakl\u0131 Payl\u0131 Miras\u00e7\u0131 Yok<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131: 1.000.000 TL<\/li>\n
                • Miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n ne altsoyu ne anne-babas\u0131 var.<\/li>\n
                • Bu durumda tam tasarruf serbestli\u011fi<\/strong> vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n
                • Dini nikahl\u0131 e\u015fe t\u00fcm malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 vasiyet edilebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u00d6rnek 4: Hem \u00c7ocuklar Hem Resmi Nikahl\u0131 E\u015f Var<\/strong><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131: 800.000 TL<\/li>\n
                  • Sakl\u0131 paylar:\n
                      \n
                    • \u00c7ocuklar i\u00e7in: \u00bd oran\u0131nda (\u00f6rne\u011fin 2 \u00e7ocuk \u2192 her biri 200.000 TL)<\/li>\n
                    • Resmi e\u015f i\u00e7in: Yasal miras pay\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 \u2192 200.000 TL<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                    • Toplam sakl\u0131 pay: 600.000 TL<\/li>\n
                    • Dini nikahl\u0131 e\u015fe vasiyet edilebilecek maksimum tutar: 200.000 TL<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \u00d6zetle dini nikahl\u0131 e\u015fe miras b\u0131rakmak istiyorsan, sakl\u0131 payl\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etmemek<\/strong> \u015fart\u0131yla bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Aksi durumda, sakl\u0131 payl\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131lar tenkis davas\u0131<\/strong> a\u00e7arak vasiyet edilen miktar\u0131 azaltabilir.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • Tenkis davas\u0131 nedir? Nas\u0131l a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r? <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        Miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n, sakl\u0131 paylar\u0131 a\u015fan \u015fekilde malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vasiyetnameyle veya ba\u011f\u0131\u015f yoluyla ba\u015fkalar\u0131na b\u0131rakmas\u0131 gerekir. Sakl\u0131 payl\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131, bu durumda tenkis davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131 kazan\u0131r<\/strong>. Hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcre<\/strong>: Miras\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve sakl\u0131 pay\u0131n zedelendi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi tarihten itibaren 1 y\u0131l<\/strong>. Her h\u00e2l\u00fck\u00e2rda miras\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131ndan itibaren 10 y\u0131l<\/strong> i\u00e7inde dava a\u00e7\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                        Dava Dilek\u00e7esinde:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                        Davac\u0131 ve daval\u0131 bilgileri, miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n kimli\u011fi ve \u00f6l\u00fcm tarihi, sakl\u0131 pay\u0131n nas\u0131l zedelendi\u011fi, talep edilen tenkis miktar\u0131, dayan\u0131lan kanun maddeleri (TMK 560 ve devam\u0131) yer al\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan n\u00fcfus kay\u0131t \u00f6rne\u011fi, veraset belgesi, vasiyetname-ba\u011f\u0131\u015f belgeleri, tapu kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ve banka d\u00f6k\u00fcmleri gibi malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair belgeler mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan istenecektir. Miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n son yerle\u015fim yeri mahkemesi yetkiliyken g\u00f6revli mahkeme sulh hukuk mahkemesidir.<\/p>\n

                        Dava S\u00fcreci ve \u0130spat<\/strong><\/p>\n

                        Mahkeme, miras\u0131n toplam de\u011ferini ve sakl\u0131 pay oranlar\u0131n\u0131 bilirki\u015fi ile hesaplat\u0131r. Davac\u0131, sakl\u0131 pay\u0131n zedelendi\u011fini ispat etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr<\/strong>. Mahkeme, tenkis miktar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyerek karar verir.<\/p>\n

                        Karar\u0131n Uygulanmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

                        Mahkeme karar\u0131yla sakl\u0131 pay ihlali varsa, fazla verilen k\u0131s\u0131m geri al\u0131n\u0131r. Bu k\u0131s\u0131m, sakl\u0131 payl\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131lara da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":828,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"audio","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51","post","type-post","status-publish","format-audio","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ozel","post_format-post-format-audio"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/muhammedkeser.av.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/muhammedkeser.av.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/muhammedkeser.av.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muhammedkeser.av.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muhammedkeser.av.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=51"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/muhammedkeser.av.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":937,"href":"https:\/\/muhammedkeser.av.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51\/revisions\/937"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muhammedkeser.av.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/828"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/muhammedkeser.av.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=51"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muhammedkeser.av.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=51"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muhammedkeser.av.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=51"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}